The first capital of the united Italy -Turin Royal Palace

Mostly people knows Rome as the only capital of Italy, but in reality the first capital of Italy was Turin. Rome was the ancient capital of the Roman Empire, after its fall and division of Italy into a small countries , unification of the state in today's shape, bagan Savoy dynasty (existing even today, overthrown due to the admission of Mussolini's rule). Savoy at first they ruled Piedmont, whose capital Turin was. There that initially was the first capital of the united Italy was located . Turin is a beautiful city, with a completely different atmosphere than most Italian cities, where begin in which it is not very pleasant atmosphere now.Turin is calm, there is no such huge number of thieves and cheats as in Rome.

Turin is visited by Italians themselves, who know the history of the city and few Japanese. Turin is also a city with the largest Egyptian museum on the European continent. Here worked for the order of Napoleon-Champolion, and here on the begining was famous Rossetta stone thanks to which the hieroglyphs were read.

From most parts of the city we can see the mountains, but it's worth visiting the Royal Palace in Turin, it's very easy to get to it from the railway station, just go straight from the exit. The palace can match its inretiors to residences like Schonbrunn, Versailles although it is no phantascic than the famous Stupinigi near the city. The rooms of the palace are the art of baroque time, in particular the green hall known as the armory that used to be a ballroom, beautiful later ballroom with white marbles.

 

A magical Chinese cabinet, or an amazing throne room. Objects in the palace are original, unchanged, we do not even have newly sewn curtains. Everything has been in perfect condition. It is sad that the palace is so little known to foreigners. Palazzo Reale was also a plan for the very popular Elisa di Rivombrosa costume series. Next station is of course the largest egyptian museum in Europe and Palazzo Carignano a huge complex that served as the 1st country's senate with its famous golden chamber. The famous Holy Shroud is kept in il Duomo Torino, nearby Palazzo Reale. When we gone stright on from il Duomo we'll find mysterious ancient bulding. It isn't castle how many people think but ancient gate to the city. It's one of the best preserved ancient roman bulding of that type.

opposite the gate actually in the substructure of Palazzo Reale, we will find the ruins of ancient Torino. The city that guarded the entrance to the peninsula from ancient times.

This beautiful fountain of malachite, was a gift from the last tsar of Russia

 



 International site about the place : (just italian) http://www.ilpalazzorealeditorino.it/

Italy, Turin: The greatest ancient Egiptian museum in Europe,Champollion kingdom , Museo Egizio

Ramesses II the Great

Mostly people knows Rome as the only capital of Italy, but in reality the first capital of Italy was Turin. Rome was the ancient capital of the Roman Empire, after its fall and division of Italy into a small countries , unification of the state in today's shape, bagan Savoy dynasty (existing even today, overthrown due to the admission of Mussolini's rule). Savoy at first they ruled Piedmont, whose capital Turin was. There that initially was the first capital of the united Italy was located . Turin is a beautiful city, with a completely different atmosphere than most Italian cities, where begin in which it is not very pleasant atmosphere now.Turin is calm, there is no such huge number of thieves and cheats as in Rome. Turin is visited by Italians themselves, who know the history of the city and few Japanese. Turin is also a city with the largest Egyptian museum on the European continent. It was here that he worked for the order of Napoleon-Champollion, and it was here that the famous Rossetta stone was initially thanks to which the hieroglyphs were read.

Horemheb with Amun

 

It is in the Egyptian museum in Turin that there is the famous Turin papyrus, probably the first preserved book of erotic positions in the history of mankind.
It is also here that the famous statue of young Ramesses II the Great , a beautiful majestic sculpture, is also presented on one of the Egyptian denominations of money. The Egyptians want get it back, just like the famous bust of Nefertiti. The process is in progress, and i Have hope it will take them ages. Should we give them a statue?

Theoretically, this is the treasure of Egypt ,but in today's political and mental situation in this region, looking at what was done with Palmyra and then giving an example of
museum staff who moved the Tutankhamun mask , they broke off his beard and then tried to attach it with a soldering iron.Unfortunately, because of the heat, the beard fell off and the act saw the light of day. DEFINITELY NOT, although more and more of these gretest believers, living and educated people are coming to us, and will certainly try to change our disgusting world (I spend with them to much time, to not know it), Ramesses II the Great is still here more safety.

International site about the place : https://www.museoegizio.it/en/

Mexico, Palenque greatest treasure of Maya's civilisation. Pacal, the Maya 's Tutankhamun,

The amazing city of Palenque in Mexico can only be visited with better travel agencies. Hidden entirely in the mountainous jungle, the city was also the resting place of the ruler of Maya's. 

The treasures of this tomb are comparable to the treasures in the Tutankhamun tomb, that's why Pacal is called sometimes mexican Tutankhamun. This treasure is the pyramid tomb of Pacal, the king who has already become a god in his lifetime.

It was not even 1952 that the hieroglyphs from the tomb were read. Pacal was born in 603, the son of Queen Zak Kuk, he came to the throne at the age of 12 and quickly became a father of the heir to the throne - Chan Bahlum. His name means in the language of the ancient "Jaguar Snake".He lived 85 years . Together with his son built a larger part of the ancient city. Pacal was considered to be a saint because he was born with a sprat foot and six fingers at every foot and hand.Pacal's tomb itself is one of the smaller pyramids in the city, but the treasures found inside showed power of that ruler.

The ruler was buried with five slaves, inside there were numerous votive-jade masks, and the face of the dead king was covered with a mask of jade, whose eyes were made of nacre and obsidian.
This is one of the most perfect face portraits in the art of Mayas. However, the most magnificent masterpiece is the richly carved crypt of the sarcophagus. In the middle of the bas-relief, we have a ruler that seems to sink in the depths, above it is a holy tree of mexican cultures - seiba, whose branches are transformed into a dragon.

 
A sacred bird sits on a sacred tree - quetzalcoatl, very colorful rare bird. The perfectly depicted constellations of the stars, the Moon, the Sun and the Milky Way are presented to the stage. The whole scene is to present the ruler as an intermediary between the world of people, the dead and the gods.On the side of the sarcophagus there are carvings with the names of all predecessors of the ruler. Unlike Tutankhamun, Pacal was transferred to the museum, and a copy of the sarcophagus was left in the tomb.Pacal's tomb has been completely recreated in the anthropological Museum in the city of Mexico, where the body of the ruler rests, in such a pattern as it was in Palanque. Is need to say that the Anthropological Museum in the city of Mexico is next to the Cairo Museum, one of the two richest collections of antique museums.To visit them thoroughly it takes a few days. The body of the Pacal, according to tradition, was painted with cinnabar, the red color corresponded to the divine and royal worship. Unfortunately for those who used a special pomade from the mineral.. Cynomber is a natural source of quicksilver and poison human very slowly.

International site about the place : http://palenquepark.com/




Traditional engraving on the skin, made by a local artist, presenting a copy of Pacal tombstone

 

 



Rome:Forum Boarium the unique completely preserved ancient part of city

The oldest market in Rome was the market where cattle were traded. It was also a garbage dump and a city port. It is the only place in Rome completely preserved from ancient times, a place with monuments from the ancient Roman period in their unchanged form since ancient times. If you want to really feel like in ancient Rome, you must visit that place. To Forum Boarium, we can take a walk from the Palatine Hill and Circus Maximus. It's on the end of the famous hippodrome, ''covered'' by a row of buildings. That's why we can't see it so fast. The forum is also a small park with old trees.

Temple of Portunus

The Temple of Portunus also known as the Temple of Fortune Virilis, was built in the 80-50s BC. The best-preserved ancient Roman temple was dedicated to Portunus, the guardian of the Ports, in the Middle Ages and turned into the church of  St. Maria of Egypt. This is the most traditional building of the temple, in ancient style. Modeled on Greek temples. It is thanks to that that later neoclassical buildings were created.

Temple of Portunus

There is also probably one of the most popular symbols of the place: the rotunda. It was the temple of Hercules Victor, formerly known as the temple of Vesta. It was created between 140-120 BC. In the 12th century, it was adapted for the church of Santo Stefano. Medieval alterations were removed in Napoleon's time, restoring the appearance from the time of antiquity.
However, the changes were not drastic, so we can still see metal joining blocks.
For centuries after the Pantheon inspired the builders to form round churches in neoclassical poplar gardens, arbours were stylized for temples.

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Temple of Hercules Victor

Mouths of Truth (La Bocca della Verita) - a marble medallion with the image of a deity's face. It is the oldest Roman monument, in fact, not the Romans, because its dating shows that it is older than first signals about any Roman civilization. It is probably 2,000 years old. According to legend, it's a kind of lie detector. Everyone who is lying if he put his hand in the mouth of a mask, this mask gnawed his limb. Currently, you can see it for a fee in the vestibule of the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin but to get closer, unfortunately, you have to pay for the ticket.It is not known who created the mouth. Some theories speak about the Etruscans, some about the Celts, but other cultures also appear. Mouths of Truth are a mystery of the city, and the difficult question of where did the Romans really come from...

 

 

Rome: The other basilicas of the Vatican

San Giovanni in Laterano

When we visit the Vatican, we visit the seat of the pope, probably a place everyone knows. That basilica, gardens, and several other buildings are actually the capital of the church, and they all create the state of Vatican City. Just a few people know that the pope has three other seats in Rome; these are also papal basilicas, which are, after the Vatican, the most important churches for a Catholic.

What distinguishes them? They all have the same building characteristics. We will find here a papal throne and an altar located in the middle of the church exclusively reserved for the pope or the prelates delegated by him; any other priest can't celebrate the mass here. Each of them has jubilee holy doors that are opened every millennium years. This is something we never meet in other churches.

It shows their range.

Pope Benedict XVI also added to the list the Basilica of St. Lorenzo fuori le Mura, but it is not so popular and has a smaller range because here it never lived.
All of them showed great artism of mediaeval art and baroque because here worked the most famous artists of that age. I also recommend to the unbeliever a beautiful shadow game, a cuddly decoration. These are also amazing artistic works that are worth seeing.

1) San Giovanni in Laterano, aka St. John in Lateran

The second most important papal basilica is St. John in Lateran (San Giovanni in Laterano), known mostly as Lateran. That is actually the first seat of the pope, established by Emperor Constantine. Popes resided here until 1308, when the building burned down. The popes then moved to the Vatican, and there they were, even though the palace and the basilica were rebuilt. Today, the basilica is also the seat of the bishop of Rome, and the Pope is also that person. So for Rome, that church is the most important. Thanks to that, the buried pope moved to the Vatican, and the Vatican became his residence. In Lateran, there are stairs (Scala Santa), after which supposedly Christ was to be led to court. The basilica combines many styles. It is the oldest basilica and we can find here many masterpieces of early Christian art. The most beautiful is the apse. On my picture here came a mysterious light that looked a little like a person. ghost.

Pope throne, the light- all my life I still don't know what or who it is

 

International site about place: http://www.vatican.va/various/basiliche/san_giovanni/index_it.htm

2) Santa Maria Maggiore

                                      

According to legend, the church was built for the Mother of God, who indicated the place, ordening to build the church where there will be snow in the summer. The basilica is located on the Esquilino hill, in the place where the snow has fallen. For her first renovation, money was given by ex-Queen Isabelle of the Catholic Church.

　

 The oldest part of the church is the mosaics from the 5th century. We will also find here a polish accent. On one of the paintings, there is the residence of Malbork. The most valuable object of worship is the image of Our Lady of the Snows, the Roman guardian, mostly known as Salus Populi Romani, ''Literally Greetings to the Roman People.'' She brought the snow during the summer, which saved the fields that deteriorated due to the drought. Saving the city from hunger. We can believe in a legend or not. I have been believing in that for a few months. Salus Populi Romani is the only style of writing icon created in the West. Other icons are typical symbols of the eastern church. There are also the relics of the Jesus Holy Cirb, brought from Jerusalem as most of the relics related to Christ by the mother of emperor Constantine-Helene. During the Christmas season, there is a holy mass with the Pope. This church is also closely related to the prophecy of Malachy; according to that, the current Pope is the last.

Our Lady of the Snow

Jesus Holy crib relics

International site about place :  http://www.vatican.va/various/basiliche/sm_maggiore/index_en.html

 

3) San Paolo fuori le Mura 

 

San Paolo fuori le Mura, the youngest papal basilica, built on the site of the tomb of Saint Paul, is located, as the name suggests, behind the ancient city walls. Here are the images of all Popes from Saint Peter to the present. With the image of a living pope, the light always shines. 

Mosaic with the popes Francis and Benedict XVI

In particular, it is necessary to visiting this place today, as not enough people know that we live in the epistles of historical precedent. Though we have two living popes, that's why in the basilica we find two illuminated images. The previous Pope Benedict XVI abdicated, and Francis became the new pope. However, both of them are still alive, and may they live as long as possible because they are the last rock of our declining civilization. The basilica itself, however, has had no luck. Almost completely burned during renovation in the nineteenth century, until the next fire occurred several years ago. This temple complex is surrounded by a very beautiful garden.In the Middle Ages, the patrons of the church were the kings of England.

 



 

St Paul's  shakles

 



Pope throne

St Paul statue as a defender of faith is always presented with a sword.St. Peter is presented with keys as a sign of authority over the whole church and its knowledge

International site about place :  http://www.basilicasanpaolo.org/index.asp?lang=eng

Rome: Via Appia Antica ancient road where St. Peter last time met Jesus

 

Every Christian who knows something about their own religion must hear about Via Appia Antica. They will remember the most popular story of the apostle Peter's escape from hostile Rome. When he wandered the ancient way, he met Jesus, who was walking towards the city.

Orginal footprints of Christ in St. Sebastiano church



 





Peter asked, Quo Vadis Domine? ''Where are you going, My Lord?''' Jesus answered: ut Romam iterum crucifigi''—''to Rome to be crucified again''. 
Saint Peter turned back; he died crucified at his own request with his head down because, as he said, he was not worthy to die like Christ. At the place where that famous meeting took place today stands the church under the name Quo Vadis Domine. In the church, on one of the stones, there are footprints belonging to Jesus. However, this is not the original stone; it is located in the nearby church of St. Sebastiano. Maybe it's just a legend, maybe not. But here, St. Peter changed his mind.

Copy of Jesus footprints in Quo Vadis Domine?

                                                             

Beautiful bust of Christ - Salvator Mundi , Gianlorenzo Bernini

Many pilgrims touched the stone, which inevitably began to deteriorate; therefore, it was decided to move the stone and better secure it, and in the meeting place to put a replica. This story also inspired the Polish Nobel Prize winner Henryk Sienkiewicz to write the book Quo Vadis Domine?, For that book, he got the Nobel Prize. The story was filmed many times; the most famous version is the film with Klaus Maria Brandauer.





Quo Vadis Domine?-church interior

 

 



Via Appia Antica was one of the most important roads of the ancient empire; it was called Regina viarum, the queen of roads; it was the beginning of all roads leading to the East. It connected the roads from the south of the empire to the east. On Via Appia, which Crassus ordered to crucify for a distance of 200 km, 6'000 defeated slaves who took part in the Spartacus uprising. Since the city was not allowed to hide the dead, there are numerous tombs of famous people from Rome, including the daughter-in-law of Crassus, Caecilia Metella. In the Middle Ages, the building was transformed into a castle. There are also ruins of the great Villa of Maxentius, and here is an ancient hippodrome. Part of the ancient road with time passes into a modern road with asphalt, on which people still move, so when you decide to visit a place, remember about cars while taking a photo. Part of the road is still ancient, and an archaeology park is closed to cars. In that part, nothing had changed since the Roman Empire.
  

Caecilia Metella grave

Villa of Maxentius

 

 

International site about place( any) article at Rome site: https://www.romesightseeing.net/appia-antica-park/

The unique ancient pyramid in Europe , Pyramid of Gaius Cestius in Rome

 Is it possible to encounter ancient pyramids on the European continent? definitely is.One is in Rome, and it is a tomb, similar to the Egyptian pyramid. It is the final resting place of the praetor and tribune Gaius Cestius; until the Middle Ages, it was thought to be the legendary Romulus' tomb. The Pyramid was incorporated into the city walls in the third century.It is accessible from the metro station to the Papal Basilica Paolo Fuori le Mura, St. Paul's resting place.

It's a small building, however unique it is. We will not see more pyramids in Europe. Why did that man choose the pyramid? There are many theories. Even the conspirators' stories talk about connecting the pyramids. In fact, during that time, Rome liked Egyptian art very much and absorbed much of it. to own architecture and even religion. The rich man's enchantment is the most eloquent explanation.

Italy: the mausoleum of the first caesar Octavian Augustus. History and the country should be ashamed.

If Augustus, the first emperor, were to speak today, he would say that during his reign, the Roman Empire was the biggest because of the conquests he made in Egypt, Panonia, Dalmatia, and, to a lesser extent, Germania. He could also claim that Christ was born in his reign's 23rd year and died in Tiberius' 17th year, on the 13th day of Nisan month (we know the last date of Christ's existence from the files, and in fact, all we know about the great prophet is from historical documents other than biblical stories). In reality, we can place Jesus in the historical frame and assign him an age based on the information we have about Augustus and his population count.

That's how historians define the dates of Christ's life, because, at that time, the calendar related to the dates of the reign of the Caesars. The current calendar, as a result of errors in recalculation, has c. 7 years of error from the real date of Christ's birth.

Augustus was a man who established an empire with permanent borders and probably protected our part of the world from Cleopatra's despotic governments, declaring war on her and eventually forcing her to commit suicide. She may be a feminist icon, but the truth is that she was a cruel man who had broken everyone in her path, including her brother and sister, because she was obsessed with power. He was an eminent politician who, before his death, just said that life is an art. He famously said, "Acta est fabula, plaudite." He was buried on the Field of Mars. His mausoleum exists still, but it will probably be really gone soon. That is very sad. The ruins of his mausoleum are standing there today, are not visited by tourists, and certainly are not as magnificent as the other mausoleum of Hadrian, known today as Castel St'Angelo. But it is still a memorial to the first Emperor of the Roman Empire and, to be honest, the last truly powerful and normal ruler of that country.

The mausoleum of a man who had a huge impact on the fate of our part of the world just disappears. From year to year, the damage is worse. Although there are plans to restore it, the residents realise that it's just a shame to let this place disappear. The problems have grown like a curse.

 

Rome: Julius Caesar death, Area Sacra dell' Argentina aka Largo di Torre Argentina

Forgotten ruins like many in Rome, on the route to the first in the history of the baroque building—the church Il Gesu—this beautiful symbol of counterformation and the beginning of absolutism, and the peak of human skills in the field of art—visit not many tourists, but rather those who actually know something more about Rome. And what are the ruins that are not mentioned in guidebooks? A cat shelter. Nowadays, it's an informal shelter for stray cats; every cat that comes here is protected; it must not be harmed; and people from nearby homes bring food to them. As for the southern countries, which, to put it mildly, care less about the fate of others, it is a solution to fight homelessness. But why here? Because it was here that the first Christians really died—not in the Colosseum, which also watched the deaths of many martyrs, but definitely later. Here died also somebody else... Area Sacra dell'Argentina is a remnant of a great complex that included Pompey's theater. The first theatre in the Rome empire. Here should be said who was Pompeius Magnus, the second man in history who obtained the name '' the Great '' in antiquity.

 

Pompeius Magnus, Cassius, and Julius Caesar, the founders of the first triumvirate, shared the technical reality power of the Roman Empire, which was still a republic at least on the papal level. Julius Caesar even gave his daughter the right to marry Pompey. It was rather a successful marriage, even though her father had his own business. Day by day, Pompeius was more popular in Rome; after all, he conquered the eastern part of Europe, which was much richer than the full forests of France. Caesar couldn't accept that man who was famous for his futility and ambicious for satisfaction, for which he was able to do everything. After eliminating the politic Crassus, it was time for Pompey. Initially, Pompeius must run from Rome. At the beginning of the civil war, he wins at Dyrrachium, but he loses the battle of Farsalos, as a result of which he must take refuge in Egypt. He counts on the support of his young brother Cleopatra VII Philopator (in history, there were seven queens with that name), but the Ptolemy family has other plans. Pompey, after descending ashore, is murdered, and his head is sent to Caesar, who had just arrived in Egypt.

 

Caesar becomes the most powerful man, but his mania for power, or perhaps more mania for the power of his current partner, who wants to be the ruler of not only Egypt, doesn't meet the acceptance of the senators. At that time, the Senate was sitting in the Pompeii theatre, and in one of the corridors stood his bust. March arrives... Rebuffed, Crassus thought about vengeance for a long time, as did Ceasar, not his legal son Brutus. Caesar, killed by 23 blows with a dagger, falls in front of the bust of Pompey, probably one of the greatest jokes of history.

 

Today, Area Scara dell Argentina is a ruin, a forgotten ruin of a huge

complex. In the restaurants, not far away, you can try wine in the remains of the theatre's underground. Pompeii theatre was amazing, and we can say that thanks to the murder in that place, the Roman Empire was born with caesars on thrones ( in fact, the Roman rulers were called caesars in honour of the murdered, not emperors). On the small market with vegetables, you can feel today's Italian life, a little visited place ... even for restaurants, climate should be visited more often.

 not typical international site, inform about place on international site of city of Rome:
https://www.rome.net/area-sacra